447. 735. 753. 1846. 923. 1490. 1098. 628. … 709. 323+. 1565. 1064. 942. 856. … 1490. 1517. 1226.
[447] reg- i- ments are to em- bar- … with general-s St- ua- rt and … to be for
753 = i · 1490 = to · 1517 = be · 709 = with · 323 = general · 856 = and · 175 = thought

The Hague, Madrid, London → Jefferson · two-part numerical codes (Jefferson’s Codes Nos. 10, 13, 16) · 1788–1793 · existing decipherment

Short, Carmichael and Pinckney to Jefferson: the last groups of the legation codes Nos. 10, 13 and 16

Thomas Pinckney
fromThomas Pinckney
Thomas Jefferson
toThomas Jefferson

Three letters to Jefferson that the Jefferson Papers editors printed with a few code groups unread or guessed. Checked here group by group against decodings made at the time: the readings hold, Pinckney’s “497” is 447, and nine single groups stay open.

Daniel Bourdeau · posted

Method: read from existing decipherment · Extent: complete

Credits · Contemporary key or decipherment (key or decipherment used) · The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (Julian P. Boyd and successors) (earlier solution)

At a glanceExisting decipherment · complete

The letters
William Short to Jefferson, The Hague, 26 July 1792 (private); William Carmichael to Jefferson, Madrid, 14 April 1788; Thomas Pinckney to Jefferson, London, 28 August 1793. Each is partly in a numerical code.
Where
Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Papers, series 1 (Short: microfilm reel 16, frames 998–1009; Carmichael: reel 9, frames 223–230) and National Archives, RG 59, Despatches from US Ministers to Great Britain (microfilm M30 roll 2, frame 140). Catalogue no. 484.
The cipher
Three different two-part codes of about 1,700–1,850 numbers for words, syllables and letters, written with dots between the groups; the numbers follow no alphabetical order.
How it was deciphered
Jefferson decoded most of Short’s letter between the lines, and the editors of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson decoded the rest and the other two letters. Here every group was transcribed from the originals and checked against values decoded at the time in other letters in the same codes.
What it says
Short’s bitterness at being passed over for Paris and his wishes for a post; the ratification of the Constitution in Maryland and Massachusetts; Grey’s expedition preparing for the West Indies.
Still open
Nine groups that occur only once in their code: Short’s 401 (twice), 1083 and 359 199 34 724; Pinckney’s 447 (how many regiments); Carmichael’s 597.
Credit
The readings were first printed by the editors of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (vols. 13, 1956; 24, 1990; 26, 1995). Jefferson’s own interlinear decoding and George Taylor Jr.’s decodings of Pinckney’s other letters supplied the values used to check them.

01 Three codes, three letters

As Secretary of State, Jefferson corresponded with his ministers abroad in numerical codes that the editors of his papers number in the order they first appear. Each is a two-part code: some 1,700 to 1,850 numbers, each standing for a word, a syllable or a letter, written with dots between them. The numbers follow no order. On Short’s page, 7 is s, 68 president, 153 al, 224 the, 426 to, 977 no, 1093 in and 1336 be, so an unknown number cannot be placed between its neighbours. No key sheet for these three codes has been found. The editors decoded the letters “using partially reconstructed” keys and named the groups they could not read.

LetterCodeGroupsOpen or guessed in print
Short to Jefferson, The Hague, 26 July 1792No. 10674401, 1083, 401; 359, 199, 34, 724
Carmichael to Jefferson, Madrid, 14 April 1788No. 135all five guessed: [Maryland] twice, [Massachusetts], [majority], [you?]
Pinckney to Jefferson, London, 28 August 1793No. 1658“Undeciphered code 497”; [time?], [secret?], [Dunda]s

02 Pinckney, 28 August 1793: Grey’s expedition

Pinckney’s despatch is on the State Department microfilm of his London letters. Jefferson pencilled “copy so far only” above the coded lines, so the clerks’ copies stop there and no decoding was made at the time. The coded passage is five lines, 58 groups; the first digits of four lines are lost in the binding.

Five lines of numerical code on Pinckney's letter of 28 August 1793, with Jefferson's pencil note above
The coded passage. The first group, after “on this subject.]”, has two open 4s, the same 4 as in 1465 on the next line: 447, not 497. Above the second line is Jefferson’s pencil “copy so far only”. Image: National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Despatches from U.S. Ministers to Great Britain, microfilm M30 roll 2, frame 140, via the NARA catalog.

Pinckney wrote six other letters in the same code that George Taylor Jr. decoded between the lines at the State Department (20 June, 25 September, 27 November and 17 December 1793, 28 January and February 1794). He also sent an “Explication of the Cyphers” for his letter of 25 November 1793. All fifteen coded frames of the roll were transcribed (about 2,600 groups), and every value decoded there was set against the 28 August groups. Thirty of the 58 groups are confirmed that way, word for word as the editors had them: 753 i (reg-i-ments), 1490 1517 to be, 709 with, 323+ generals (+ marks a plural), 856 and, 513 525 under him, 1228 … 1181 des-tina-tion, 885 is, 323 675 175 general-ly thought, 1226 for.

447 regiments are to embark in a short [time?] on a [secret?] expedition. They are to be commanded by Sir Charles Grey with Generals Stuart and [Dunda]s under him. Their destination is generally thought to be for the West Indies.

The group the editors printed as 497 is 447 on the original. It occurs nowhere else in Pinckney’s code, and none of the number words decoded elsewhere matches it (6 is 1244, 8 is 531, “nine” is 383 or 6?4), so how many regiments he wrote stays open. The editors’ time (234) and secret (501) also occur only here and remain their guesses. The long letter of 15 August 1793, about a thousand groups with no interlinear decoding, is not open: the State Department made a clear copy of it.

03 Short, 26 July 1792: two holes in a long complaint

Short’s private letter is a long complaint at being passed over for Paris in favour of Gouverneur Morris, and he coded its most personal parts. All 674 code groups were transcribed; Jefferson’s decoding stands over 511 of them, and the editors read the rest. Two places are open.

Two lines of Short's letter with the code groups 401, 1083 and 401
“… on the justice of 190.1149 [government] 426.496 [to have] 401.132 [sure]. There 1083.496 [have] 401.977 [no] …”. Jefferson’s decoding stops above these lines. Image: Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Papers, series 1, microfilm reel 16, frame 1008.
This would have been putting on my conduct a censure which no place would have induced me to have exposed myself to, if I had not counted enough on the justice of government to have 401 [been?] sure there 1083 [would?] have 401 [been?] no[ne?] of it if my conduct was satisfactory.
Two lines of Short's letter with the code groups 359 199 34 724
“… say that the 757.427 [salary] 819 [should] 1099 [not] 359.199.34.724 153.422.1165 [allowing] 224 68 [the president] 426 [to] fix each …” Image: Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Papers, series 1, microfilm reel 16, frame 1008.

The next day Short copied the whole paragraph into a second letter, in the same code and with the same numbers, so the digits are certain. He first wrote 757.1312.687 (salaries) there, struck it out, and wrote 757.427 (salary). But the copy carries no decoding. “Been” is 1700 in this code (Jefferson decoded it in this letter and three others), so if 401 is been, it is a second number for the word. The obvious would is 1192, not 1083. Short’s small caret under 401 also appears under 985 (less), so it does not single out 401. None of the six numbers occurs in the other Code No. 10 letters checked: the editors’ notes on all 39 documents in the code, and the originals of Short’s letters of 26 September and 27 October 1790 and 11 and 13 November 1793, and of Jefferson’s fully coded letter of 31 May 1793 (about 1,100 groups).

04 Carmichael, 14 April 1788: a test of a faulty code

Carmichael could not decode Jefferson’s letters with the code David Franks had left with him, and he used “some phrases of my cypher” so that Jefferson could see whether their codes matched. Five numbers stand in a clear letter:

Three lines of Carmichael's letter with the numbers 108, 223, 273 and 597 in clear text
“… to Mr Eden. 108 has not acceded to the Constitution, 223 has. the 273 seem pleased with it, what says 597 –”. The first 108 is blotted. Image: Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Papers, series 1, microfilm reel 9, frame 230.
Had I been in [Maryland] I should in all probability have been of the sentiment of Paca and the other you mention. … [Maryland] has not acceded to the Constitution, [Massachusetts] has. The [majority] seem pleased with it, what says 597?

This is not Code No. 11, the code Carmichael used from May 1788: in the table rebuilt from Jefferson’s decodings (jefferson1787), 597 is freedom and 223 trouble. No other letter in Code No. 13 is known, so only the context reads it. That context is strong for 108, Carmichael’s own state and William Paca’s; Maryland ratified on 28 April 1788, two weeks later. It is also strong for 223, Massachusetts, which had ratified on 6 February. For 597 the editors’ you is a guess, and Virginia, which had not yet voted, fits the sentence as well. It stays open.

05 How it was done

LetterGroupsHMIOpen
Short 179267451115607
Pinckney 179358302341
Carmichael 178850041
All73754117989

06 What remains

Full texts

The transcription and the decryption of every document on this page, so that the reading can be used and checked. Short files are shown here; all are in the repository.

William Short to Jefferson, The Hague, 26 Jul 1792 (Code No. 10)

Short's private complaint at being passed over for Paris in favour of Gouverneur Morris: Lafayette's mortification, the French diplomatic committee's wish to refuse Morris, and Short's preferences for a post (the Hague as resident, Spain as plenipotentiary) and for the grades of the American diplomatic establishment.

Transcription

short_17920726.txt

# William Short to Jefferson, The Hague, 26 Jul 1792 (Code No. 10): code groups as transcribed, one line per manuscript line
1184.1093.574.539.1005.
224.834.1343.1409.1700.890.
1480.490.680.
1480.796.
1184.890.224.68.224.834.
224.68.
118?.
?24.68.319.224.344.691.
891.6?7.198.194.
4?2.838.294.162.1?29.1165.319.1065.
294.1534.383.426.478.1093.216.1216.294.741.1070.1093.562.1165.1184.
1460.218.1377.939.7.527.1184.108.327.1236.395.1388.684.
618.287.218.1377.939.633.426.218.831.330.153.1000.1168.
567.1149.306.1283.546.426.421.633.1182.
1101.119.844.893.890.218.1349.376.1464.379.338.
8.1648.109.224.716.1460.190.1149.
294.1282.250.426.1101.660.890.95?.1600.
218.66?.319.426.216.542.9?0.126.977.1259.
1361.1369.294.212.1465.324.441.426.1416.218.1269.534.31.
426.496.1700.1228.239.1369.1361.1093.1450.689.957.158.162.728.1299.294.
819.496.1700.1658.426.218.1407.758.218.
426.306.1283.546.426.1416.
1184.188.1648.218.668.1269.534.31.1570.805.
152.1361.1093.564.
177.1416.?683.1088.169?.383.162.153.218.1173.1302.
1302.890.294.496.1004.1450.958.5?2.426.634.168.1161.531.
791.467.1388.326.1228.
239.1369.1369.218.?093.1621.1149.426.306.1283.
546.426.421.218.1087.885.117.
294.1192.1101.660.154.1332.1291.1165.
1598.1356.294.378.1099.4?2.803.426.1412.1369.
294.819.224.1598.1184.1169.224.53?.1649.1887.
294.482.1396.1259.844.1165.1674.1674.73.1260.
224.121?.341.381.1695.515.426.625.1042.298.565.1109.
985.927.1093.1017.89?.35?.
985.1093.1039.
294.496.1626.871.426.1377.1025.218.1619.1287.1674.1106.12.218.757.
427.
1146.534.218.668.890.421.852.153.371.1093.
1109.1416.1192.1336.117.287.426.1336.113?.1298.1361.319.1101.1341.1460.224.
562.1460.22.1523.294.1282.426.496.224.1619.1287.1460.1?5?.628.1005.
294.819.793.224.1619.1287.12.294.819.
482.1396.1109.1216.1192.1336.1085.1332.153.1192.1336.426.1336.576.1361.198.
494.712.1674.1388.326.1594.1598.1623.241.1369.891.607.198.
494.1076.26?.1450.71?.890.1564.799.9?8.1460.?053.1369.
1093.224.508.300.829.1149.294.819.1099.1336.
14?3.?252.439.133?.899.
1017.1683.351.890.224.1598.1674.1070.985.294.496.
172.689.927.523.294.496.218.716.
426.1134.1648.586.1163.487.1149.793.1075.
634.668.581.426.1618.106.224.509.1416.1460.1146.294.
224.763.7?3.160.
693.606.1257.1562.426.634.
218.1336.1165.196.576.326.1460.246.693.467.
1075.1336.1165.1295.1409.1099.
33?.1486.307.932.1165.360.586.426.
306.1298.8.218.689.1628.1450.?79.1283.
202.426.496.1695.518.218.668.426.793.
294.190.1149.426.496.401.132.
1083.496.401.977.1460.1416.793.218.689.1628.1106.
1460.1184.1330.9?8.566.426.1093.562.1184.1460.218.633.426.218.
668.31.890.294.7?5.1450.
527.712.218.1039.1460.1450.
1349.805.549.1413.379.224.83.1416.730.7.426.202.951.
819.496.1413.1317.890.351.224.1619.1287.1460.443.587.890.73.12.890.
1520.1299.224.1619.1287.1460.73.12.224.757.
1312.687.7.224.826.426.224.543.1000.1149.
68.300.1032.1278.224.757.1312.687.7.1523.
757.427.819.1099.359.199.34.724.153.422.1165.224.68.426.
?94.1671.224.1523.1299.951.1302.
421.633.218.231.527.1184.
1593.1159.1460.1552.786.1165.
1593.1020.1460.38.882.1140.
1593.1020.730.426.
294.1603.689.1018.1330.218.
576.326.1683.1124.188.
1410.188.319.972.766.338.1486.776.1063.
Decryption

short_17920726_decryption.txt

# William Short to Jefferson, The Hague, 26 Jul 1792 (Code No. 10): group = reading [grade]; T TJ interlinear, H attested elsewhere, E editors, C conjecture, O open
1184=-[E] 1093=les[T] 574=intriguants[T] 539=(intriguants)[T] 1005=(intriguants)[T]
224=the[T] 834=Mar[T] 1343=fai[T] 1409=had[T] 1700=been[T] 890=and[T]
1480=mor-[T] 490=-ti-[T] 680=-fied[T]
1480=Mor-[T] 796=-ris[T]
1184=you[T] 890=and[T] 224=the[T] 68=Presidt[T] 224=the[T] 834=mar.[T]
224=the[T] 68=Presidt[T]
118?=you[T]
?24=the[T] 68=Presidt[T] 319=on[T] 224=the[T] 344=subject[T] 691=(subject)[T]
891=-[E] 6?7=-[E] 198=-[E] 194=-[E]
4?2=Precarious[T] 838=(Precarious)[T] 294=-[E] 162=-[E] 1?29=footing[T] 1165=-[E] 319=on[T] 1065=which[T]
294=I[T] 1534=stand[T] 383=(stand)[T] 426=to[T] 478=do[T] 1093=in[T] 216=this[T] 1216=that[T] 294=I[T] 741=chuse[T] 1070=(chuse)[T] 1093=in-[T] 562=-forming[T] 1165=(-forming)[T] 1184=you[T]
1460=of[T] 218=my[T] 1377=wishes[T] 939=(wishes)[T] 7=(wishes)[T] 527=that[T] 1184=you[T] 108=may[T] 327=cooperate[T] 1236=(cooperate)[T] 395=(cooperate)[T] 1388=with[T] 684=them[T]
618=namely[T] 287=(namely)[T] 218=my[T] 1377=wishes[T] 939=(wishes)[T] 633=as[T] 426=to[T] 218=my[T] 831=own[T] 330=personal[T] 153=(personal)[T] 1000=advan-[T] 1168=(advan-)[T]
567=-cement[T] 1149=(-cement)[T] 306=-[E] 1283=return[T] 546=-[E] 426=to[T] 421=america[T] 633=as[T] 1182=soon[T]
1101=acquainted[T] 119=(acquainted)[T] 844=(acquainted)[T] 893=-[E] 890=&[T] 218=my[T] 1349=diplomatic[T] 376=(diplomatic)[T] 1464=(diplomatic)[T] 379=-[E] 338=car-[T]
8=-ser[T] 1648=(-ser)[T] 109=my[T] 224=the[T] 716=power[T] 1460=of[T] 190=government[T] 1149=(government)[T]
294=I[T] 1282=am[T] 250=obliged[T] 426=to[T] 1101=accept[T] 660=(accept)[T] 890=and[T] 95?=obey[T] 1600=(obey)[T]
218=my[T] 66?=self[T] 319=on[T] 426=to[T] 216=this[T] 542=situation[T] 9?0=(situation)[T] 126=(situation)[T] 977=no[T] 1259=re-[T]
1361=-medy[T] 1369=(-medy)[T] 294=I[T] 212=must[T] 1465=(must)[T] 324=submit[T] 441=(submit)[T] 426=to[T] 1416=it[T] 218=my[T] 1269=favorable[T] 534=circumstan-[T] 31=(circumstan-)[T]
426=to[T] 496=have[T] 1700=been[T] 1228=employed[T] 239=(employed)[T] 1369=-[E] 1361=-[E] 1093=in[T] 1450=a[T] 689=conspicuous[T] 957=(conspicuous)[T] 158=(conspicuous)[T] 162=station[T] 728=(station)[T] 1299=there[T] 294=I[T]
819=should[T] 496=have[T] 1700=been[T] 1658=known,[T] 426=to[T] 218=my[T] 1407=country[T] 758=by[T] 218=the[T]
426=-[E] 306=return[T] 1283=(return)[T] 546=-[E] 426=to[T] 1416=it[T]
1184=you-[T] 188=-nger[T] 1648=-[E] 218=my[T] 668=self[T] 1269=favorable[T] 534=circumstances,[T] 31=(circumstances)[T] 1570=employed[T] 805=(employed)[T]
152=-[E] 1361=-[E] 1093=in[T] 564=com-[T]
177=-petitors[T] 1416=(-petitors)[T] ?683=-[E] 1088=fallacious,[T] 169?=(fallacious)[T] 383=-[E] 162=-[E] 153=all[T] 218=my[T] 1173=hopes[T] 1302=were[T]
1302=-[E] 890=&[T] 294=I[T] 496=have[T] 1004=had[T] 1450=a[T] 958=dieu[T] 5?2=-[E] 426=to[T] 634=them[T] 168=for[T] 1161=ever.[T] 531=same[T]
791=chance[T] 467=(chance)[T] 1388=without[T] 326=(without)[T] 1228=emp.[T]
239=-l[?]y[T] 1369=-[E] 1369=-[E] 218=my[T] ?093=inducements[T] 1621=(inducements)[T] 1149=(inducements)[T] 426=to[T] 306=return[T] 1283=(return)[T]
546=-[E] 426=to[T] 421=america[T] 218=my[T] 1087=whole[T] 885=heart[T] 117=(heart)[T]
294=I[T] 1192=would[T] 1101=accept[T] 660=(accept)[T] 154=rather[T] 1332=than[T] 1291=nothing[T] 1165=(nothing)[T]
1598=place[T] 1356=[struck][T] 294=but I[T] 378=do[T] 1099=not[T] 4?2=pretend[T] 803=(pretend)[T] 426=to[T] 1412=say[T] 1369=(say)[T]
294=I[T] 819=should[T] 224=the[T] 1598=place[T] 1184=you[T] 1169=Spain[T] 224=the[T] 53?=same[T] 1649=-[E] 1887=grade[T]
294=I[T] 482=prefer[T] 1396=(prefer)[T] 1259=remaining[T] 844=(remaining)[T] 1165=-[E] 1674=here[T] 1674=[?]minister[T] 73=(minister)[T] 1260=of[T]
224=the[T] 121?=third[T] 341=order[T] 381=(order)[T] 1695=are[T] 515=exposed[T] 426=to[T] 625=many[T] 1042=humiliations[T] 298=(humiliations)[T] 565=(humiliations)[T] 1109=Spain[T]
985=less[T] 927=so[T] 1093=in[T] 1017=Paris[T] 89?=and[T] 35?=London[T]
985=less[T] 1093=in[T] 1039=view[T]
294=I[T] 496=have[T] 1626=often[T] 871=reason[T] 426=to[T] 1377=wish[T] 1025=(wish)[T] 218=my[T] 1619=grade[T] 1287=(grade)[T] 1674=here[T] 1106=was[T] 12=plenipotentiary[T] 218=my[T] 757=sal-[T]
427=-ar[?][T]
1146=honourable[T] 534=(honourable)[T] 218=my-[T] 668=-self[T] 890=&[T] 421=america[T] 852=several[T] 153=(several)[T] 371=reasons,[T] 1093=in[T]
1109=Spain[T] 1416=it[T] 1192=would[T] 1336=be[T] 117=particularly[T] 287=(particularly)[T] 426=to[T] 1336=be[T] 113?=desired[T] 1298=(desired)[T] 1361=-[E] 319=on[T] 1101=account[T] 1341=(account)[T] 1460=of[T] 224=the[T]
562=forms[T] 1460=of[T] 22=principal[T] 1523=court[T] 294=I[T] 1282=am[T] 426=to[T] 496=have[T] 224=the[T] 1619=grade[T] 1287=(grade)[T] 1460=of[T] 1?5?=resident[T] 628=(resident)[T] 1005=-[E]
294=I[T] 819=should[T] 793=if[T] 224=the[T] 1619=grade[T] 1287=(grade)[T] 12=Plenipotentiary[T] 294=I[T] 819=should[T]
482=prefer[T] 1396=(prefer)[T] 1109=Spain[T] 1216=that[T] 1192=would[T] 1336=be[T] 1085=worse[T] 1332=than[T] 153=all[T] 1192=would[T] 1336=be[T] 426=to[T] 1336=be[T] 576=turned[T] 1361=(turned)[T] 198=away[T]
494=from[T] 712=(from)[T] 1674=here[T] 1388=without[T] 326=(without)[T] 1594=any[T] 1598=place[T] 1623=laquay[T] 241=(laquay)[T] 1369=-[E] 891=turned[T] 607=(turned)[T] 198=away[T]
494=without[T] 1076=(without)[T] 26?=even[T] 1450=a[T] 71?=certificate[T] 890=(certificate)[T] 1564=(certificate)[T] 799=-[E] 9?8=-[E] 1460=of[T] ?053=honesty[T] 1369=(honesty)[T]
1093=in[T] 224=the[T] 508=late[T] 300=(late)[T] 829=appointments[T] 1149=(appointments)[T] 294=I[T] 819=should[T] 1099=not[T] 1336=be[T]
14?3=at[T] ?252=amsterdam[T] 439=(amsterdam)[T] 133?=(amsterdam)[T] 899=-[E]
1017=Paris[T] 1683=or[T] 351=London[T] 890=&[T] 224=the[T] 1598=place[T] 1674=here[T] 1070=useless[T] 985=(useless)[T] 294=I[T] 496=have[T]
172=one[T] 689=consolation[T] 927=(consolation)[T] 523=(consolation)[T] 294=I[T] 496=have[T] 218=my[T] 716=power[T]
426=to[T] 1134=-[E] 1648=-[E] 586=-[E] 1163=-[E] 487=-[E] 1149=-[E] 793=-[E] 1075=-[E]
634=-[E] 668=-[E] 581=-[E] 426=-[E] 1618=-[E] 106=-[E] 224=-[E] 509=-[E] 1416=-[E] 1460=-[E] 1146=-[E] 294=-[E]
224=the[T] 763=public[T] 7?3=(public)[T] 160=ser-[T]
693=-vices[T] 606=(-vices)[T] 1257=devoted[T] 1562=(devoted)[T] 426=to[T] 634=them[T]
218=-[E] 1336=-[E] 1165=-[E] 196=-[E] 576=-[E] 326=-[E] 1460=-[E] 246=-[E] 693=-[E] 467=-[E]
1075=-[E] 1336=-[E] 1165=-[E] 1295=-[E] 1409=-[E] 1099=-[E]
33?=-[E] 1486=-[E] 307=-[E] 932=-[E] 1165=-[E] 360=-[E] 586=-[E] 426=-[E]
306=-[E] 1298=-[E] 8=-[E] 218=-[E] 689=-[E] 1628=-[E] 1450=-[E] ?79=-[E] 1283=-[E]
202=-[E] 426=-[E] 496=-[E] 1695=-[E] 518=-[E] 218=-[E] 668=-[E] 426=-[E] 793=-[E]
294=-[E] 190=-[E] 1149=-[E] 426=-[E] 496=-[E] 401=-[O] 132=-[E]
1083=-[O] 496=-[E] 401=-[O] 977=-[E] 1460=-[E] 1416=-[E] 793=-[E] 218=-[E] 689=-[E] 1628=-[E] 1106=-[E]
1460=of[T] 1184=your[T] 1330=(your)[T] 9?8=permission[T] 566=(permission)[T] 426=to[T] 1093=inform[T] 562=(inform)[T] 1184=you[T] 1460=of[T] 218=my[T] 633=as[T] 426=to[T] 218=my[T]
668=self[T] 31=circumstances[T] 890=&[T] 294=I[T] 7?5=feel[T] 1450=a[T]
527=that[T] 712=from[T] 218=my[T] 1039=view[T] 1460=of[T] 1450=a[T]
1349=diplomatic[T] 805=(diplomatic)[T] 549=-[E] 1413=-[E] 379=-[E] 224=the[T] 83=U.S.[T] 1416=it[T] 730=seems[T] 7=(seems)[T] 426=to[T] 202=me[T] 951=they[T]
819=should[T] 496=have[T] 1413=at[T] 1317=Paris[T] 890=&[T] 351=London[T] 224=the[T] 1619=grade[T] 1287=(grade)[T] 1460=of[T] 443=an[T] 587=extra[T] 890=&[T] 73=minister[T] 12=Plenty[T] 890=&[T]
1520=elsewhere[T] 1299=(elsewhere)[T] 224=the[T] 1619=grade[T] 1287=(grade)[T] 1460=of[T] 73=minister[T] 12=Plenty[T] 224=the[T] 757=salary[T]
1312=-[E] 687=-[E] 7=-[E] 224=-[E] 826=-[E] 426=-[E] 224=-[E] 543=-[E] 1000=-[E] 1149=-[E]
68=-[E] 300=-[E] 1032=-[E] 1278=-[E] 224=-[E] 757=-[E] 1312=-[E] 687=-[E] 7=-[E] 1523=-[E]
757=-[E] 427=-[E] 819=-[E] 1099=-[E] 359=-[O] 199=-[O] 34=-[O] 724=-[O] 153=-[E] 422=-[E] 1165=-[E] 224=-[E] 68=-[E] 426=-[E]
?94=-[E] 1671=-[E] 224=-[E] 1523=-[E] 1299=-[E] 951=-[E] 1302=-[E]
421=america[T] 633=as[T] 218=my[T] 231=own[T] 527=that[T] 1184=you[T]
1593=your[T] 1159=design[T] 1460=of[T] 1552=retiring[T] 786=(retiring)[T] 1165=-[E]
1593=your[T] 1020=letter[T] 1460=of[T] 38=Jan.[T] 882=28.[T] 1140=(28)[T]
1593=your[T] 1020=letter[T] 730=seem[T] 426=to[T]
294=I[T] 1603=might[T] 689=con-[T] 1018=-sider[T] 1330=-[E] 218=my[T]
576=turned[T] 326=out[T] 1683=or[T] 1124=lingering[T] 188=(lingering)[T]
1410=-[E] 188=-[E] 319=on[T] 972=the[T] 766=poor[T] 338=Carmichael.[T] 1486=(Carmichael)[T] 776=(Carmichael)[T] 1063=(Carmichael)[T]
Reading

short_17920726_reading.txt

# William Short to Thomas Jefferson, The Hague, 26 July 1792 (private), the coded passages (Code No. 10).
# Text of the coded stretches as decoded by Jefferson (interlinear) and the Papers of Thomas Jefferson editors, with
# Short's clear words between code runs (spelling and abbreviations lightly normalized: en extra = envoy extraordinary,
# bad adieu = bid adieu); open groups left as their numbers; [x?] = conjecture by context only.

(f. 016_0999) ... the class of people called les intriguants ...

(f. 016_1001) I mentioned to you in a former letter how much the Mar fai had been and mortified at this circumstance.

(ff. 016_1005-1009) You there are so good as to state to me the precarious footing on which I stand and to desire me to do in this what I chuse, informing you of my wishes that you may cooperate with them. Encouraged by this kind and friendly offer I resume a subject which I had so much repented having formerly importuned you about, namely my wishes as to my own personal advancement. My reasons for not desiring to return to America as yet, and with which you are acquainted, and my being thus launched in the diplomatic career, put me absolutely in the power of government, so that they may do what they please; for the present I am obliged to accept and obey. It has been my misfortune to lead myself on to this situation, but as there is now no remedy I must submit to it. I had hoped from my favorable circumstances to have been employed in a conspicuous station, where I should have been known to my country by my services rendered, and of course have had pleasure and inducements to return to it after so long an absence. I had seen others younger than myself, and under other less favorable circumstances, employed in equal or higher stations from countries where they had many more competitors. The event has shewn me how fallacious all my hopes were, and I have bid adieu to them for ever, being sure the same chance will never occur again. Yet as remaining in Europe without being employed would rather tend to diminish my inducements to return to America, I laid open to you from the beginning my whole heart and shewed you what I would accept rather than nothing. Towards the end I should have thought differently as to such a place, but I do not pretend to say I should refuse the place you talk of in Spain. With the same grade however I prefer infinitely remaining here, although even here ministers of the third order are exposed to many humiliations. It would be still worse in Spain, less so in Paris and London, because there every body and particularly such characters are less in view.

I have often reason to wish my grade here was plenipotentiary even with my salary. I was formerly of a contrary opinion, but experience has convinced me of my error. It would be much more honourable both for myself and America for several reasons. In Spain it would be particularly to be desired on account of the forms of the principal court. If then I am to have the grade of resident I should prefer infinitely remaining here. If the grade is to be plenipotentiary I should prefer Spain. What would be worse than all would be to be turned away from here without any place, as it would be like a laquay turned away without even a certificate of honesty; and yet after what has happened in the late appointments I should not be surprized at it. The machine being now properly mounted at Amsterdam, it may be conducted from Paris or London, and the place here may be thought useless. I have one consolation however, that I have done every thing in my power in this and every other case to deserve better treatment. If others after employing the same time in serving themselves are to reap the benefit of honour I cannot help it. I only wish that in future the public may feel that their services are in like manner solely devoted to them. After being employed in a business of such a nature, my being now turned out of service altogether, after others being called in who had not before been employed, is only saved perhaps by the accident of Carmichael's asking leave to retire. This would have been putting on my conduct a censure which no place would have induced me to have exposed myself to, if I had not counted enough on the justice of government to have 401 [been?] sure there 1083 [would?] have 401 [been?] no[ne?] of it if my conduct was satisfactory.

I have made use of your permission to inform you of my wishes as to myself, as well as I can in my ignorance of future circumstances, and I feel a pleasure in doing it as it reminds me of your friendship, which I prize above all things. If I were allowed to add any thing further, it would be that from my view of a diplomatic establishment for the U.S. it seems to me they should have at Paris and London the grade of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, and elsewhere the grade of minister plenipotentiary, even if they would not augment the salaries. They might after appropriating the sum to the foreign establishment let the president apportion the salaries according to the court, or if not, say that the salary should not 359 199 34 724, allowing the president to fix each at what rate he pleases according to the court where they were.

(f. 016_1009) ... as well for the sake of America as my own, that you will be dissuaded from executing your design of retiring as mentioned in your letter of Jan. 28 ...

William Carmichael to Jefferson, Madrid, 14 Apr 1788 (Code No. 13) read in part

A clear letter with five code numbers used as a test of his cypher: Maryland (twice), Massachusetts and the majority on the ratification of the Constitution; the last item (597) stays open.

Builds coherent sentences, but under the read bar of 95% of words read as sense (0% here); the holes are marked in the reading.

Transcription

carmichael_17880414.txt

# William Carmichael to Jefferson, Madrid, 14 Apr 1788 (Code No. 13): code groups as transcribed, one line per manuscript line
108.
108.223.273.597.
Decryption

carmichael_17880414_decryption.txt

# William Carmichael to Jefferson, Madrid, 14 Apr 1788 (Code No. 13): group = reading [grade]; T TJ interlinear, H attested elsewhere, E editors, C conjecture, O open
108=Maryland[C]
108=Maryland[C] 223=Massachusetts[C] 273=majority[C] 597=—[O]
Reading

carmichael_17880414_reading.txt

# William Carmichael to Thomas Jefferson, Madrid, 14 April 1788: the sentences holding his five code numbers (Code No. 13).
# Values by context only (the PTJ editors' conjectures, checked here against the dates of ratification):
# 108 = [Maryland] (twice), 223 = [Massachusetts], 273 = [majority]; 597 open.

Had I been in [Maryland] I should in all probability have been of the sentiment of Paca and the other you mention.
[Maryland] has not acceded to the Constitution, [Massachusetts] has. The [majority] seem pleased with it, what says 597?

Thomas Pinckney to Jefferson, London, 28 Aug 1793 (Code No. 16) read in part

Three coded sentences: regiments are to embark shortly on a secret expedition under Sir Charles Grey with Generals Stuart and Dundas, generally thought to be for the West Indies; the number of regiments (447) stays open.

Builds coherent sentences, but under the read bar of 95% of words read as sense (91% here); the holes are marked in the reading.

Transcription

pinckney_17930828.txt

# Thomas Pinckney to Jefferson, London, 28 Aug 1793 (Code No. 16): code groups as transcribed, one line per manuscript line
447.735.753.1846.923.1490.1098.628.
?10.1465.1513.305.1199.234.616.1513.501.292.1432.1097.923.1490.1517.1144.
?39.736.1527.1328.1374.672.1426.417.1258.709.323+.1565.1064.942.856.
?55.668.800.513.525.663.1486.1228.1010.1181.885.323.675.175.1490.1517.1226.
?3.81.
Decryption

pinckney_17930828_decryption.txt

# Thomas Pinckney to Jefferson, London, 28 Aug 1793 (Code No. 16): group = reading [grade]; T TJ interlinear, H attested elsewhere, E editors, C conjecture, O open
447=—[O] 735=reg-[E] 753=-i-[H] 1846=-ments[E] 923=are[E] 1490=to[H] 1098=em-[E] 628=-bar-[E]
?10=-k[E] 1465=in[H] 1513=a[H] 305=sho-[E] 1199=-rt[E] 234=[time?][C] 616=on[H] 1513=a[H] 501=[secret?][C] 292=expedi-[E] 1432=-tion[H] 1097=they[H] 923=are[E] 1490=to[H] 1517=be[H] 1144=com-[H]
?39=-man-[E] 736=-ded[H] 1527=by[H] 1328=Sir[E] 1374=Char-[E] 672=-les[E] 1426=Gre-[E] 417=-?-[E] 1258=-y[H] 709=with[H] 323+=generals[H] 1565=St-[H] 1064=-ua-[E] 942=-rt[E] 856=and[H]
?55=[Dun-][C] 668=[-da-][C] 800=-s[H] 513=under[H] 525=him[H] 663=the-[H] 1486=-ir[E] 1228=des-[H] 1010=-tina-[E] 1181=-tion[H] 885=is[H] 323=general-[H] 675=-ly[E] 175=thought[H] 1490=to[H] 1517=be[H] 1226=for[H]
?3=the[E] 81=West Indies[E]
Reading

pinckney_17930828_reading.txt

# Thomas Pinckney to Thomas Jefferson, London, 28 August 1793, the coded passage (Code No. 16), NARA M30 roll 2 frame 0140.
# 447 = open (the editors printed 497); [x?] = the editors' conjecture, not attested elsewhere in the code.

447 regiments are to embark in a short [time?] on a [secret?] expedition. They are to be commanded by Sir Charles Grey with Generals Stuart and [Dunda]s under him. Their destination is generally thought to be for the West Indies.

Key: key.tsv

07 Sources

Transcriptions, value tables, the graded reading, scripts and the work log: targets/legation1788/.